Why christains believe god is present in our lives.

Catholics believe that God Is present In our lives through rituals. Catholics believe that doing the sign of the cross is a significant way to start a conversation with God by putting yourself In the presence of God. Also by attending mass It Is declaring that they belong to God and want to obey him and when Catholics go to receive transubstantiation Catholics are accepting the suffering that Christ has done for us. Catholics also believe that God is present in our lives through ethics.Catholic ethics come from the 10 commandments, it is important that we know the everlasting laws f God and what they mean such as â€Å"thou shall not steal† means that we shouldn't steal because it is disrespectful and we should respect others property as we wool like done to us. Another moral is â€Å"thou shall not harm† because humans are a creation of God and if we harm others or ourselves we are destroying Gods creation and â€Å"thou shall not bear false witness† means to no t lie about one self of anyone else.All of these ethics come under respect one self and one another. Why Catholics think It Is Important Is that acting morally with the Infinite laws of God, which are so Inspiring to most people that even those who do not know anything of God follow In the path of morality. Catholic believe strongly that God Is present in our lives though practice of individual experience such as baptism. Baptism is significant to the catholic community and faith because to that person getting baptized it represents the start of that person and God's relationship.This individual experience is very similar to conformation, it is similar because conformation In the Catholic Church represents growing up and creating a stronger bond between the person and God. Another individual experience is reconciliation in the Catholic Church, reconciliation is significant in the Catholic Church because â€Å"only God can forgive and cleanse sins away and allowing God to guide that individual through very tough times with making that bond with god and that individual stronger.Catholics believe that God Is present In our lives through rituals. Catholics believe that doing the sign of the cross Is a gallants way to start a conversation with God by putting yourself In the presence of God. Also by attending mass It Is declaring that they belong to God and want to obey him and when Catholics go to receive transubstantiation Catholics are accepting the suffering that Christ has done for us. Catholics also believe that God is present in our lives through ethics.Catholic ethics come from the 10 commandments, it is important that we know the everlasting laws of God and what they mean such as â€Å"thou shall not steal† means that we shouldn't steal because it is disrespectful and we should respect others property as we wool like done to us. Another moral is â€Å"thou hall not harm† because humans are a creation of God and if we harm others or ourselves we are destroying Gods creation and â€Å"thou shall not bear false witness† means to not Ill about one self of anyone else.All of these ethics come under respect one self and one another. Why Catholics think It Is Important Is that acting morally with the Infinite laws of God, which are so Inspiring to most people that even those who do not know anything of God follow in the path of morality. Catholic believe such as baptism. Baptism is significant to the catholic community and faith because o that person getting baptized it represents the start of that person and God's relationship.This individual experience is very similar to conformation, it is similar because conformation in the Catholic Church represents growing up and creating a stronger bond between the person and God. Another individual experience is reconciliation in the Catholic Church, reconciliation is significant in the Catholic Church because â€Å"only God can forgive and cleanse sins away' and allowing God t o guide that individual through very tough times with making that bond with god and that individual stronger.

Coming of Age Speech: Dragon Keeper by Carole Wilkinson

What defines ones personality? What moulds ones identity? Coming of age is a crucial phase in life. It’s the time where our character is shaped through challenges we face and experiences we encounter. Coming of age is displayed throughout the novel, Dragon Keeper by Carole Wilkinson. There are three main stages of coming of age; changes, gaining independence and sense of belonging. All these ideas are depicted in the novel using various language techniques. Change is the initial and most noticeable stage of coming of age. It occurs both physically and mentally, and it plays a major role in the configuration of characters. Change is displayed when Ping looks in the mirror for the first time in several months and thinks to herself â€Å" my rosy red cheeks have faded into a rich cream colour and my skin looks as soft as silk†¦Ã¢â‚¬  This combination of alliteration and a simile describes the physical changes that ping has undergone and it shows that as Ping began to face more challenges her rate of development increased as well as these physical changes ping was face with many mental changes. Independence is a pivotal attribute in order for survival. Independence is one of the hardest characteristics to gain in the novel. Ping gains independence at a relatively early stage. It is conspicuous that the idea of independence is expressed particularly in the scene where Ping meets her master. She makes it clear to him and I quote â€Å" im not that little girl anymore†¦ ive learnt to defend myself†. Belonging Is a vital factor to ensure an exultant and joyful life. It’s the time of realisation. Realising where you want to be and realising who you really needs you and who you really need. Ping gains that sense of belonging towards the end of her journey to Tai Shi Mountain she says, â€Å" I look back, I can’t believe it. Finally im here. I belong here. They need me here† There is a noticeable change in the length of the sentences in this quote. Coming of age is the most valuable and substantial stage in life. It is the time where personalities, characters and identifies are formed through challenges we encounter and experiences we face. Coming of age can be split into three main steps: the first is changes, the second being independence and the third sense of belonging. All these ideas are depicted throughout the novel as Ping faces a variety of events that configure her character as she comes of age. THANKYOU ( ( It tells the story of a young slave girl named ping who was adopted at a very young age by her sinister master. He treats her like she’s worthless and he takes advantage of her. Eventually, she gains the courage to flee from her master and sets out on a mystical, enlightening and dangerous journey. On this journey she comes across many challenges and experiences and her identity begins to form, all while she is going through the process of coming of age This represented by a mixture of juxtaposition and personification while ping is trapped in the dragons den. I quote â€Å"As I sit there in the dark of my thoughts I see light beginning to creep in and suddenly I feel this jolt. I know ill be free once again†. This quote describes pings spontaneous mental transformation. The ray of light represents that glimpse of hope that Ping gains. Both these physical and mental changes are key factors in order for Ping to come of age. These changes are climatical points in the definition of her character. These changes lead to Ping’s ability to gain independence. This quote contains an ellipse at mid- sentence. This allows the reader to stop and reflect on just how much Ping has changed. She metamorphosed from a helpless young youth to one independent young woman. Independence is an enormous milestone in the formation of identity and it is the primary step of coming of age before reaching a sense of belonging. They get significantly shorter and they’re repetitive. This exaggerates Pings excitement, She is hysterical just knowing that someone actually needs her. This sense of belonging is the concluding moment in Pings process of coming of age. It is the final piece that assists on the configuration of character.

Abortion Should Stay Legal

Abortion Should Stay Legal By Ariam Abraham Professor Maria Mollinedo English 102 9 December 2011 Abstract The topic of abortion is one of the most controversial of our times. It discusses human interaction where ethics, emotions and law come together. There are different points of views towards abortion. These views can be broken down into two categories, Pro-life and Pro-choice. Everyone has their own views and opinions; despite what several people may believe, abortion is neither right nor wrong. A pro-lifer is against abortion.Pro-lifers believe that from the moment of conception, the embryo is alive and this life imposes a moral obligation to preserve it. It has a brain and a heart; therefore it also has a right to life. Religion plays a big role on pro-life. Abortion is against the Bible and most  religious people  don’t believe in it either. On the other hand  a pro-choicer would feel that the decision to abort a pregnancy is that of the mothers’; and the s tate has no right to interfere. Abortion is a women’s  own right hand choice. Women should  not be forced to have babies they don’t want or aren’t ready for.They must be able to decide what happens to them and have a safe plus legal way of doing so. Women are in control of their own bodies and lives. Legislators have no right to interfere. Abortion allows us to choose what we want for ourselves, and it also helps us to follow family planning. We have every right to choose whether we want to have an abortion or not. Religious people don’t support it but since it is their belief and decision they should not force other people to be like them. It has been proven above that all their arguments were not fully true.The reasons why women have abortions vary. It may be a case of rape,  physical or psychological condition. A choice must need to be available  to prevent the birth of unwanted children, to avoid damage to the child as  well as to safeguard the emotional and physical health of women. Abortion is a tough choice and the decision  should be a personal one, without interference of government or special  interest groups. Outline I. Abortion is a very controversial subject that has been continually argued over for the past few years and probably for many years to come.A. Abortion is the destruction of a fetus or unborn child while the child is still in the mother’s womb. B. Abortion in the United States has been legal in every state since the United States Supreme Court decision in Roe v. Wade, on January 22, 1973 C. There are two sides to abortion, the pro-life and prochoice. a. Pro-life are people who are against abortion. b. Pro-choice are people who support abortion. II. Religion and philosophy thinking shouldn’t affect the law of abortion. A. A fetus is not a person. B.Pro-life people shouldn’t push other people to believe their religion. C. The pro-life’s arguments against abortion are p rovn to be false. a. Women having an abortion have been decreasing since 1973. III. Abortion playes a big role in some cases. A. A pregnancy from rape is better to be avoided. B. Incest children face a lot of difficulties in being accepted by their society. C. Woman should have an abortion if her pregnancy is uncompitible with her health IV. Abortion has allowed us to choose what we want for ourselves, and it also helps us to follow family planning. A.New  laws  that are being developed make it harder and harder for women to  deal  with the problems of pregnancies. Abortion is a very controversial subject that has been continually argued over for the past few years and probably for many years to come. The main controversy is should abortion be legalized? Before we get to the answer, let’s first define the word abortion. According to Tom Head â€Å"Abortion is the international terminology of a pregnancy after conception. It allows women to put an end to their pregnan cies, but involves killing the undeveloped embryo or fetus† (1).This destruction of a fetus or unborn child while the child is still in the mother’s womb can be done by almost anyone from the mother herself to even to abortionist by clinics set up especially for this purpose. Since abortion involves killing a fetus, it is considered as a sensitive subject to discuss, because every person around the world have a different view and opinion about it. As history tells us â€Å"Abortion in the United States has been legal in every state since the United States Supreme Court decision in Roe v. Wade, on January 22, 1973† (Lewis 1).Since then, there have been many debates among the citizens whether the law is right or wrong. There are two sides to this abortion topic the pro-life, which are those who are against abortion, and the pro-choice are those who believe it is the woman’s right to choose if she wants to have an abortion or not. These two groups offer diffe rent solutions to a problem. The pro-life solution is to have the child and basically live with it. They believe abortion is not an answer. The pro-choice solution is abortion because of reasons they feel are appropriate.Although abortion is morally and ethically wrong, should it be legal for victims of rape or incest who have no other alternative? To see the Americans view on abortion, a popular TV channel in the United States did a survey on over 1133 people over the age of 18 in 2004. Generally, 57 percent in this ABCNEWS poll say abortion should be legal in all or most cases, while 43 percent voted against it. I will point out the argumentative reasons for abortion to stay legalized through out the paper.Many famous and respected people have talked about abortion, like  Mother Teresa who was the winner of Nobel Prize for Peace in 1979. She argues, â€Å"If we accept that a mother can kill even her own child, how can we tell other people to not kill each other? Any country tha t accepts abortion is not teaching its people to love, but to use any violence to get what they want† (Barbier and Goree 98). Since Mother Teresa was very religious women what she said make sense but I totally disagree with what she said. Killing a fetus is not the same as killing a person.The word â€Å"murder† is often used by pro-lifers to describe abortion. Murder means  deliberate and unjustified killing of another person   containing intent. How can anybody see an evil intent in a woman's decision  to interrupt pregnancy if it is a result of rape or incest? A woman cannot  bear the thought of having a child that would be a constant reminder of  what had happened on such and such a day, such and such number of years ago. She doesn't want to kill a baby; she wants to interrupt the growth of an  embryo so that it will not become a baby. She interrupts potential life. But potential life is just that, potential.There's an argument until these days that a fe tus is a person that is indistinguishable from the rest of us and that it deserves rights equal to women's. On this question there is a tremendous spectrum of religious, philosophical, scientific, and medical opinion. It's been argued for centuries. Fortunately, our society has recognized that each woman must be able to make this decision, based on her own conscience. To impose a law defining a fetus as a person, granting it rights equal to or superior to a woman’s thinking, feeling, conscious human being is arrogant and absurd.It only serves to diminish women. A fetus is like a body part in women’s body not an individual person and can only be recognized as a person since the day it is born. It is not registered as a citizen in the government’s book and is not even considered as existing person. So killing a fetus can be called as getting rid of a body part. And, it is not the government’s duty to teach the citizens how to love. People learn about love f rom their parents, from their religion and relatives and society. Government cant build a law based on how it is going to affect the behavior of the citizens.It is like we can’t have a war because it is not nice to kill people. What if another country attacks us? Are we going to sit and wait until we die? We should protect out country and our selves and the same goes with abortion, we have to protect ourselves if we see harm is coming to us. On the other hand, Abortion is a difficult issue when it is viewed from a religious point  of view. On one hand there is the Commandment against murder, which begs  the question of whether a fetus is a human or not. There is a passage in  the Bible, which deals specifically with the act of causing   woman to  abort a pregnancy. In Exodus 21:22-25 we read:   † And if men struggle and  strike a woman with child so that she has a miscarriage, yet there is no  further injury, he shall be fined as the woman's husband may demand of him,  and he shall pay as the judges decide. But if there is any further injury,  then you shall appoint as a penalty life for life, eye for eye, tooth for  tooth, hand for hand, foot for foot, burn for burn, wound for wound, bruise  for bruise†( New Revised Standard Version, Exodus 21:22). In this passage we find a woman losing her child by being stuck by men who are fighting.Rather than it being a capital offense,  however it is looked as a civil matter, with the father – to – be taking  the participants to court for a settlement. But, as we read on, if the  woman is killed, a â€Å"life for a life,† then the men who killed her shall be  killed. Some have claimed that the life for a life part is talking about  the baby, but in this passage we also read, â€Å"Tooth for a tooth†. Fetuses/babies do not have teeth when they are born. Thus we can see that  if the baby is lost, it does not require a death sentence – it is not  considered murder. But if the woman is lost, it is considered murder and  is punished by death.I do not want to say that abortion is Biblical, but I  just want to show that there can be arguments on both sides and a judgment  against people in God's name should be stopped. As we have seen above every individual have their own opinion on abortion, depending on their religion and beliefs. If the pro- life group doesn’t support abortion they don’t have to do it. The law doesn’t force you to have abortion in any case. So people against abortion due to their religions or beliefs shouldn’t protest against abortion because it is their personal preference. Religious ideology is no foundation for any law.Freedom of religion is guaranteed to any citizen in the United States, so why would the beliefs and values of one religion mandate actual laws for all citizens? It would be unfair, unjust and  immoral. We do not have laws against eating fish, nor do we have laws that declare it is legal to sell one’s daughter, rape someone, or keep a person as slave -all things that are promoted in religious text. There are also few pro-life people that claim women are using abortion as a birth control. By that they mean women are going to be irresponsible and will have unprotected sex since abortion is legal.This is proven to be untrue by Ms Heather Boonstra. She is a Senior Public Policy Associate in the Guttmacher Institute's Washington, DC. On the article Abortion in Women’s Lives that she published in 2006 she states, â€Å"from time to time the number of women having abortion is decreasing † (3). Here is here summarized graph. [pic] As we can see in the graph the number of women having abortion has been going down since 1981, which proves that women are using abortion in special cases not as birth control. Other than that, abortion plays a big role in some special cases.We don’t hear it that often but t here is sexual intercourse between two people called incest. In definition â€Å"Incest is sexual intercourse between close relatives that is illegal in the jurisdiction where it takes place and is conventionally considered a taboo. The term may apply to sexual activities between: individuals of close ‘blood relationship’; members of the same household; step relatives related by adoption or marriage; and members of the same clan or lineage† (Stritof). Even though it is between families it can be taken as sexual harassment if it is between an adult and an under age.It is not accepted in out society. People consider it as the nastiest thing that human being would do. If by any chance someone becomes a victim of incest, their family and friends will isolate them for their rest of their lives. Likewise, when a girl is raped, she feels dreadful. The trauma of being raped could break her down and make her depressed and that is only the beginning. After she gets raped, in her own eyes, she has no respect or self-esteem for herself and then comes the embarrassment. Her reputation in the society will be damaged permanently and everyone will look down upon her.Even her own family's reputation will be tainted. If she is forced to carry an unwanted pregnancy, the result is unwanted children. After the unwanted baby is born, the childhood that he will get will not be the best one because of how it was originated. At home, the raped woman would not be a good mother and would be cruel to the baby. Therefore, because of this abnormal type of childhood, when the child grows up and becomes a teenager, he will often turn to crime and be involved in gangs and drugs. For example, 40% of African-American kids grow up by a single mother due to unplanned sex or poverty.And 20% of those kids drop out in middle school (Hanson 141). Once a kid stops going to school he or she have a high chance of doing illegal things in order to get money. They are among society's mo st tragic cases, often uncared-for, unloved, brutalized, and abandoned. Those children have a very strong chance of getting hurt or getting arrested or in a worse case scenario, be killed. All this could be prevented if the mother was allowed to get an abortion early on and she would not have to face all the shame and embarrassment for herself and her family. This is not good for children, for families, or for the country.Children need love and families who want and will care for them. Therefore, women who are raped or victims of incest should not be forced to carry out a pregnancy. Odds are that 1 in 3 women will be victims of sexual violence in her lifetime (Mahkorn and Dolan182). Does that mean that 33% of all women should be forced to carry out a pregnancy from this violation? Those people always don’t tell that they have been in that situation until the woman becomes pregnant and all her relatives find out. The baby they have is going to go through a lot since he is born between two family members.Isolation, bulling, and it is most possible that he will involve in illegal medicines or drags just to put himself in the mood since he is most of the time unhappy. These are few of the bad things the child will face, as he got older. This poor baby will have a lot of problems just because of his parents made a mistake. Why would their child take the punishment for what his parents did? Abortion is the only choice here. Many would argue that these women could endure the pregnancy, spending nearly a year of her life simply re-living the rape and its effects over and over again, to give up a baby at the end of it for adoption.However, we all are aware of the fact that there are millions of unwanted children awaiting adoption as we speak who remain unclaimed; in fact, UNICEF estimates that there are 210 million orphans in the world right now. If they have no one willing to be their parent or guardian, why would another baby have a better chance? In other wor d abortion will help in decreasing world’s population. Similarly, World health organization posted an interesting article about women and pregnancy saying, â€Å"Every minute, at least one woman dies from complications related to pregnancy or childbirth – that means 529 000 women a year.In addition, for every woman who dies in childbirth, around 20 more suffer injury, infection or disease – approximately 10 million women each year† (10). It is shocking that a lot of women die during pregnancy. People against abortion think that a woman must have the baby once she is pregnant, but that is ridiculous. There are many women in a situation that they can’t have a baby. Women have to avoid pregnancy if she has some kind of diseases that gets worse with pregnancy, because it could affect her health or the baby’s health.For example a breast cancer women-getting chemotherapy should not get pregnant because she does not know the effect of chemotherapy on the outcome for the fetus. In this case if a women gets pregnant accidentally she should think about her health first and her baby’s health second, and have an abortion before the fetus gets older. Most people now agree that if the mother's life is in danger abortion  is acceptable. It seems unreasonable to let both die when one can be saved. There are many  other situations in which abortion can be morally  justified. One thing is obvious.These pregnancies were not planned and  they are unwanted. Children born to these mothers are â€Å"biological  accidents†. In my opinion it is sinful to bring innocent and defenseless  children into the world when they  will not be cared for. All over the  globe these are children starving, being raped, dying, being beaten up  because they’re unwanted. They suffer abuses from which they never  recover. Medical researchers also show that unwanted children whose mothers  refused an abortion suffer from serious psychological disturbances  throughout their life (Morgentaler, 52).Another reason why I believe that availability of choice is vital for  women is that if a woman decides to have an abortion, she will do anything to end her pregnancy. This is the reality. There is no such thing as a one hundred-per cent effective contraceptive which of course results in  unwanted pregnancies. From the illegal days we know many ways in which  women aborted themselves. Many women would introduce caustic detergent  substances into themselves,  producing major burns of the vaginal wall and   systemic poisoning.Others would insert a tablet of potassium, which led to  serious lesions. Number of women tried to dislodge their pregnancies by  introducing knitting needles, coat hangers, or other metal or wooden  objects into their uteruses. Some women threw themselves down flights of  stairs, and some pumped air into the uterus by means of a small pump used  to blow up bicycle tires. Illegal abortions were performed by people with  no or little  medical knowledge, in back rooms, in a non-hygienic  environment. All this led to tremendous number of deaths but did not stop  the abortions.Anyone who thinks that outlawing abortion makes abortion go  away is a fool. It makes it dangerous and it makes it shameful. Women  will always get abortions. And if we are truly concerned about human life  and if this is not just a hollow slogan for us we should make abortion safe  and clean procedure instead of trying to make women feel guilty. Additionally, making abortion legal can decrease illegal abortion. Let’s look. The following chart was used on the floor of the US Senate during the tumultuous debate on abortion in 1981. It was compiled from official U. S. tatistics. As we can see on the graph, abortion was first legalized on 1967 and we can clearly see that after that year the line started to drop sharply which shows that the death of women due to illegal abortion decreased. Simply, Laws against abortion do not stop abortion; they simply make it less safe. The number of women who get abortions does not change when it goes from being legal to illegal, or vice versa. The only thing that changes is more women die. [pic] Opponents of abortion seem to think that women who choose to have  abortions typically do so thoughtlessly.They do not know that a decision  in itself is already agonizing  and a very painful thing for women. But  can you really understand the issue of abortion unless you have been in the  situation of possibly having one? What some people do not seem to  understand is that abortion is not an easy way out. This issue concerned  with badness, and if there is badness there is bitterness and worseness. Woman herself has to make a decision, on which is which. Many people try to  force their beliefs on others and judge them for their actions. These  people need to judge themselves before they start to judge others.There is a question that should be answered. Should government be involved in personal matters such as abortion? In my opinion government should not interfere with citizens personal problems. Having an abortion is the same as having a kidney surgery. Once a doctor tells you in what condition your kidney is, it is your decision to have a surgery depending on what the doctor said. Even your kidney is in the worst condition you still have a choice to stay without medication. That doesn’t consider as a suicide by the law. It also goes the same with abortion.Would you allow the government to tell you if you could have a kidney transplant or a blood transfusion? Of course not, the fact that we even consider, let alone allow, governments to regulate a medical procedure is both illogical and foolish. Depending on your health, your baby’s health, and your baby’s future you should have the right to decide weather you want to have an abortion or not. Therefore my theory is that people who spend so much time, energy, and money on anti-abortion campaigns should instead spend it on the precious children they say need saving so much—the ones who are alive and parentless.Imagine if all the funds spent on all those billboards and flyers and campaigns were instead either spent adopting or donating to places that are overrun with orphaned children, perhaps some actual credibility would be given to these people who claim to love children so much. Also, there is the fact of the matter of the more than one million homeless youth in America alone. The number one factor for a child being homeless is physical or sexual abuse at home. Perhaps these child-lovers should step in and care for these already-born children as well. If those people really want to stop abortion, they should turn to methods that  do  work.These include comprehensive sex education and safe, affordable contraceptives. Unfortunately, as illogical as it sounds, the people who are most against abortion are also often most against these preventative measures. If they truly wanted to reduce the number of abortions that occur, they would embrace these methods. Additionally, if the Supreme Court ever declared abortion illegal, only the poor will be adversely affected. The rich will purchase a round-trip ticket to one of the European Countries, have an abortion there and return. The poor, do not have enough sometimes even to ay for the bus fare to go downtown. The impact of such a law would be disproportionate. This is in fact what happened before 1973 (before Roe), when abortion was illegal. We must learn from history otherwise we are condemned to repeat it. People who oppose abortion do so usually on religious and moral grounds. They can continue with their moral standards, no one is asking them to have an abortion in the event of rape or incest or some other medical reason. We just ask to be let alone. There is nothing more private to a woman then the right to regulate her own fertility and no one has a right to tell her otherwise.Not in U. S. A. not in this land of the free which guarantees individual and constitutional rights? Choice is a constitutional right, the Supreme Court says so. Michael Monahan is the author of non-profit organization called the Heritage House and in is article â€Å"Illegal Abortion† he says, â€Å"I’d still worry that if you forbid abortion, it will just go back to back-alley but butchery and lots of mothers dying. † (1). I totally agree with him, stopping abortion will be a totally disaster and we will see more death of women due to illegal abortions.As I mentioned through out the paper, abortion should be the mother and the father choice to do, not the law or the government, because it is important when the mother can have a baby due to health problem, when the baby have no future, when a pregnancy occurs under a circumstances that is not accepted on the society ETC. N ew  laws  that are being developed make it harder and harder for women to  deal  with the problems of pregnancies. If  laws  were adapted leaving the choice up to the families of the newly conceived, it would make their lives and their choices a lot easier.My personal belief is that each woman should have a right to decide  whether she wants to terminate an unwanted pregnancy. For reasons of  women's right to self-determination, protection of their health,  adequate  care of children which are born and in order to prevent child abuse and  mental disease, easy access to abortion is a must. Most abortions occur  because contraception failed, because of a rape or because of a serious  medical condition  of the mother, which could lead to her death. In these  situations abortion is often the only way that prevents the birth of an  unwanted child or saves a mothers life.We have seen that abortion is really important to the society. It has allowed us to cho ose what we want for ourselves, and it also helps us to follow family planning. We have every right to choose whether we want to have an abortion or not. Religious people don’t support it but since it is their belief and decision they should not force other people to be like them. It has been proven above that all their arguments were not fully true. The reasons why women have abortions vary. It may be a case of rape,  physical or psychological condition.A choice must need to be available  to prevent the birth of unwanted children, to avoid damage to the child as  well as to safeguard the emotional and physical health of women. Preservation of life seems to be rather a slogan than a genuine goal of the  anti-abortion forces; what they really want is control. Control over our  behavior and power over women. Abortion is a tough choice and the decision  should be a personal one, without interference of government or special  interest groups. Losing safe and legal a bortion would mean reducing women  to childbearing vessels.It would mean turning our backs on the  technology we have, and it will also devalue women as independent human  beings. It would bring more meaningless deaths from the illegal and self-  induced abortions and more pain for women. Works Cited Barbier, Jean, and Georges Goree. Mother Teresa: The Love of Christ. New York: Harper ; Row, 1982. Print. Boonstra, Heather. Key Questions for Consideration as a New Federal Teen Pregnancy Prevention Initiative is Implemented. 1st. ed. 13. Washington DC: Guttmacher Policy Review, 2010. Print. Hanson T. , McLanahan, S. and Thomson, E. (1996).Double Jeopardy: Parental Conflict and Stepfamily Outcomes for Children. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 58(1): 141-154. Print. Head, Tom. â€Å"What is Abortion? † Web. 10 Dec. 2011. Lewis, Jone. â€Å"Abortion History† Web. 10 Dec. 2011. Mahkorn ; Dolan, â€Å"Sexual Assault & Pregnancy. † In  New Perspectives on Human Abortion,  University Publisher of Amer. , 1981, pp. 182-199 Monhan, Michael. Illegal Abortion. Web. Morgentaler, Henry. Abortion and Contraception. 1st ed. Beaufort Books, 1982. Print. Stritof, Bob. Prohibited Marraige. Web. The New Oxford Annotated Bible: With the Apocryphal/Deuterocanonical Books, New Revised Standard Version.Michael D. Coogan, editor. New York: Oxford UP, 2001. Print. WHO. District Planning Tool for Maternal and Newborn Health Strategy Implementation. 6-13. Print. Bibliography Barbier, Jean, and Georges Goree. Mother Teresa: The Love of Christ. New York: Harper ; Row, 1982. Print. Boonstra, Heather. Key Questions for Consideration as a New Federal Teen Pregnancy Prevention Initiative is Implemented. 1st. ed. 13. Washington DC: Guttmacher Policy Review, 2010. Print. CNN – Obama: Pro-choice, Not Pro-Abortion Ad [Video]. (2008). 12 Nov. 2011 Hanson T. , McLanahan, S. and Thomson, E. (1996).Double Jeopardy: Parental Conflict and Stepfamily Outcomes fo r Children. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 58(1): 141-154. Print. Head, Tom. â€Å"What is Abortion? † Web. 10 Dec. 2011. Lewis, Jone. â€Å"Abortion History† Web. 10 Dec. 2011. Mahkorn ; Dolan, â€Å"Sexual Assault & Pregnancy. † In  New Perspectives on Human Abortion,  University Publisher of Amer. , 1981. Print. Monhan, Michael. Illegal Abortion. Web. Morgentaler, Henry. Abortion and Contraception. 1st ed. Beaufort Books, 1982. Print. Reagan, L. J. When Abortion was a Crime, Women, Medicine, and Law in the United States, 1867-1973.Univ of California Pr, 1999. Print. Sproul, R. C. Abortion, a Rational Look at an Emotional Issue. Reformation Trust Publishing, 2010. Print. Stritof, Bob. Prohibited Marraige. Web. 24 November 2011. The New Oxford Annotated Bible: With the Apocryphal/Deuterocanonical Books, New Revised Standard Version. Michael D. Coogan, editor. New York: Oxford UP, 2001. Print. WHO. District Planning Tool for Maternal and Newborn Health Strategy Implementation. 6-13. Print. Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia. â€Å"Abortion† Wikimedia Foundation, Inc. 22 July 2004. Web. 10 Aug. 2011

Film Critique Movie Review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 1

Film Critique - Movie Review Example The issues presented in the movie, regarding concerns of women In the film, almost all the main problems faced by women folk in a male dominated and racially prejudiced society are portrayed in a vivid manner. For instance, the main female characters in the film do not enjoy liberty in the mainstream society. They are forced to act according to the will of the male characters. The most important female character in the film (Daisy Werthan, an elderly Jewish widow) leads a grim life similar to other widows in a male dominated society. The loneliness and alienation faced by Daisy Werthan in her private and public domains is vividly portrayed by the director. The problem of racism is another issue presented in the movie regarding concerns of women. Besides, prejudice against Afro- Americans and the Jews, and marginalization faced by them is another issue presented in the movie regarding concerns of women. Scheuer and Scheuer (2003), opine that â€Å"Driving Miss Daisy tells us, as much more about the difference between North and South, and racial attitudes in America as any sociology textbook will† (p.106). The main female characters in the film are not considered as important in their families. The problem of marginalization in the mainstream society without any decision making capacity leads to mental and emotional problems in female characters. The issues presented in the movie regarding concerns of women are still relevant because male domination, marginalization, alienation, prejudice and racism curb the growth and development of women in the society. Loneliness, racism, and male domination illustrated in the movie The most important issues presented in this movie regarding concerns of women are related to male domination and racial prejudice. So, three issues (loneliness, racism, and male domination), and three female characters (Daisy Werthan, Idella and Florine Werthan), are selected to expose how these issues and characters are illustrated in the m ovie. 1. Loneliness and alienation faced by Daisy Werthan The most important female character in film, Daisy Werthan (Jessica Tandy), an elderly Jewish widow faced alienation in her private (home) and public (society) domains. When Daisy Werthan’s husband was succumbed to death, she gradually got alienated herself from the mainstream society. For instance, her son did not allow her to drive her car. Besides, her maid servant was aware of the alienation felt by Daisy Werthan in her home and society. The director gave ample importance to the issue of loneliness and alienation faced by widows in the society. To be specific, the character of Daisy Werthan represents the sad plight and emotional detachment of widows in the society. 2. Racism and prejudice faced by Idella Idella (Esther Rolle), Daisy Werthan’s Afro-American maid servant is one of the best examples of racial segregation and marginalization faced by the African American community in America. One can easily ide ntify that racism or marginalization from the main stream society is the most important problem faced by African American community in America. Racism is a social evil which hinder the progress of African Americans in the American society. On the other side, Daisy Werthan, a Jew by birth was also a victim of racism. The best example of racism was the

Corporate Environmental and Social Management Essay

Corporate Environmental and Social Management - Essay Example Over time such problems gave rise to the growing consciousness of environmental protection and preservation. Business firms, governments and general public in the world started to seek for activities that are sustainable towards the environment. However, it was noted that the private and public authorities in the developed nations like U.S., U.K. and Japan were much more aware about the worth and importance of environmental protection that the individuals of the underdeveloped or developing nations like China, Pakistan and India. The level of literacy in the developed economies on average is more than 90%, on contrast to this figure approximately 40% of the individuals in the developing economies, are literate (Tantawi, 2009). Literate individuals in the developed countries understand the requirement of protecting the ecological balance in the globe in a much better manner compared to the illiterate individuals of the developing nations. The government authorities in the developing nations allocate maximum finance and awareness in activities directing towards economic growth. They are less concerned about the environment elated matters in contrast to the government authorities in developed nations. Like in all the Five Year Plans introduced by the government of India, very less importance is provided to matters relating to protection and preservation of environment (Vezzoli and Manzini, 2008). The population strength in the developed nations is lower compared to the developing countries. Excessive population pressure in the developing nations like China and India often degrades the quality of environment. This is because higher population generates large amount of water, air, thermal and noise pollution across these nations. On the other hand, the countries like Scotland, Switzerland and Finland are nations with low population

Impact of Fatherhood and Motherhood on Organizational Careers Essay

Impact of Fatherhood and Motherhood on Organizational Careers - Essay Example It should be also noted that the development of a standard rule in regard to the potentials of individuals, both males and females, with children to fight for their employment rights is not possible. In fact, the review of the literature related to this subject has revealed that the impact of fatherhood and motherhood on work and organizational career is significant, an issue that needs to be taken into consideration by governors and legislators worldwide. 2. Fatherhood and motherhood as factors influencing work and organizational careers in the early 21st century. In the workplace, fathers and mothers have the potential to use certain advantages, as set by the law for the particular category of employees Shwalb, Shwalb and Lamb (2012) refer to the parental leave scheme, a scheme that allows fathers, as also mothers, to be far from work for a particular period of time in order to take care of their children (Shwalb, Shwalb and Lamb 2012, p.321). ...This means that the use of paternal leave can help mothers ‘to increase their contribution in the family’s expenses, a fact that would highly benefit their self-respect and confidence (Shwalb, Shwalb and Lamb 2012, p.321). Reference can be also made to the findings of another survey, also included in the study of Shwalb, Shwalb and Lamb (2012). In the context of the above survey Scandinavian parents were asked to state their view in regard to their preferable mode of family - expenses sharing by parents (Shwalb, Shwalb and Lamb 2012, p.321). A high percentage, 63%, of the participants responded that they would prefer that the family expenses would be covered equally by both parents (Shwalb, Shwalb and Lamb 2012, p.321). In any case, since the high majority of fathers is paid more than mothers, fathers are more likely to contribute at a higher percentage in family expenses (Ranson 2011). Miller (2010) highlights another issue. Because employment policies are different in each country, according to the loc al ethics and culture, it is quite difficult to identify a strategy that could highly promote the power of mothers and fathers in the workplace and that would be applicable in all organizations that have similar characteristics (Miller 2010, p.13). In this context, the potential identification of an effective strategy for helping fathers in the workplace would not affect the status of fathers in other organizations, who have different conditions and challenges to face (Miller 2010, p.13). The lack of an integrate policy for supporting fatherhood in the workplace is related primarily to the different political systems and interests in each country.

Reflective account Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 3

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Women in Islam Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Women in Islam - Assignment Example The hijab has become common in the Muslim world and frequently worn conceitedly by the university and college girls as a sign of Islamic identity, liberating them symbolically from western cultural domination and imperialism (Kusha, 2011). Â  In addition, the traditional Muslim culture of male occupational dominance has also changed, and currently, Muslim women hold various positions in the workplaces. The culture of men as the breadwinners does no longer exist, and women raise their children and feed the household just as men. Another important change in the Muslim culture to satisfy the needs of modern women is in marriage. Traditionally, all Muslim marriages were arranged, and women had no say, but in the modern one, women are cherished and treated well. In fact, the mistreatment and beating of women are something of the past in the Muslim marriage. Â  In summary, the Muslim culture has transformed to include the needs of women in the modern society, but there is need to address the miss-emphasis and misrepresentation in Islam. The Muslim leaders should continue to address the problem of gender relations within the Muslim communities and outside to correct the gender imbalances.

IKEA Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

IKEA - Essay Example IKEA helped people make their everyday life superior by offering a wide variety of products in home furnishing in their stores. IKEA is known to offer home furnishings that are designed well combined with great utility, quality and affordable prices so that it suits the pocket of the masses (Funding Universe, n.d). Company History Ingvar Kamprad is the founder of IKEA who started his career in business at a quite young age. He used to sell matches independently to his neighbours, that he would purchase in bulk and made profit out of it. Gradually his business started growing and he expanded it further by selling seeds, fish, decorative for Christmas and even ball pens and pencils which wondered many, back in the year 1935. From his younger days, he had been quite adept in employing his resources. At the age of 17, on the completion of his school, he was monetarily rewarded by his father. With that sum of money Ingvar Kamprad founded IKEA. IKEA was derived from the initials of his fir st name and last name which is ‘I’ & ‘K’ and ‘E’ and ‘A’ was taken in a similar way from the name of the village and the farm named Elmtaryd Agunnaryd where he had grown up and was born. IKEA did not start out by selling furniture but instead it sold watches, wallets, pens, jewellery and other things that he bought at a low price and resold it for profit. The year 1948 marked the addition of furniture in its product line. Initially the furniture was manufactured locally and it was received positively by the customers. It was only in the year 1951 when Ingvar Kamprad focused on furniture and withdrew all the other products from its product line. In the same year, the first catalogue of furniture was published and then later in order to make its presence felt in the competition, the first showroom of furniture was opened in a village named Almhult. In response to such scenario, the other manufacturers and furniture stores pressurised the suppliers which led to the boycott of IKEA. This made IKEA to come to a critical decision of designing their individual line of furniture in 1955. This decision of designing their own furniture allowed IKEA to offer the products at low prices and improving the functions which ultimately made the company successful. The idea of flat-packed furniture came to Ingvar Kamprad when one of his employees sought a table to take home but which he could not fit in his car. He then thought of removing the legs of the table and then reassembled it back at home. IKEA started testing the flat pack furniture concept which proved beneficial for the company as it lowered the costs of labour, need of storage space, transportation and also reduced costs related to transport damage. The Lovet table was the first flat pack furniture product that was designed. The flat pack furniture range has gained a wide popularity across the globe as it not only cuts down on a lot of costs but also because the fu rniture is fashionably designed and the designs fit in efficiently and beautifully in the households. IKEA even has furniture that are made of sustainable resources making them environment friendly choice as well (IKEA Fans, n.d). Source: (IKEA, 2010). IKEA Stores/ Branches The first store of IKEA in Almhult had an area of 6700 square meters and had the biggest display of furniture in entire

Consumers Activities and Consumption Assignment

Consumers Activities and Consumption - Assignment Example Anthony Giddens has theorized consumption as a concurrent basis and therapeutic response to the predicament of identities, originating from the pluralization of societies, their values as well as knowledge within the post-traditional social universe. Other post-modernists consumption researchers, like Baudrillard, have theorized consumption and the practices of consumer society as the semiotic system whereby signs are consumed and not just the products. For instance, societies are recognized by the institution and expansion of exchange networks by which individuals acquire essential goods plus services. This is evident in the messages in which firms convey, such as the Scotland Food & Drink Ltd vision which states that in order to make Scotland globally acknowledged as a place of quality food and drink, they bring together their clients to discuss the organization successes, its problems, and ideas. Hence, the firm harness the combined resources of its entire supply chain and the con sumer s within the general public so as to celebrate their products. According to Don Slater, the consumer culture is an engine for redirecting any reflection of critical consciousness towards product desires, whereby the trouncing of consciousness is characterized by manipulation as well as persuasion. Furthermore, the consumption and consumer society is theorized as an opulent and materially satisfying consciousness that has replaced the real society with desires which are more purposeful to capitalism.

Pre-Ib Geography Exam Review Essay Example for Free

Pre-Ib Geography Exam Review Essay Angular Bearing: measured in degrees in a clockwise direction from the north; written as 3 figures (i. e. 90) * Military Grid (4 amp; 6 digit) * System of numbered lines; position stated by quoting numbers of the lines that intersect at the point in question * Easting Northing ; EAST TENTH NORTH TENTH * Contour line: a way of showing elevation; usually brown lines * Steep areas – very close contour lines, gentle areas – very wide contour lines * Latitude/Longitude * Latitude 0 °: Equator|23. 5 °N: Tropic of Cancer | 23.  ° S: Tropic of Capricorn * Longitude 0 °: Prime Meridian | 180 °: International Date Line * Scale different types; conversions Linear Scale| Representative Fraction Scale| Direct Statement Scale| * | * 1:50 000| * 1 cm to 10 km| * 1 km = 100 000 cm * Time Zones – know them amp; how to calculate time zone from one zone to another * From west – east: Pacific, Mountain, Central, Eastern, Atlantic, Newfoundland * Plus 1 hour, as y ou travel from west to east Global Positioning System (GPS) – what is it? How do you use it? * Revolutionary navigation system; provide location with metres or less anywhere on the globe * Canada Map: Unit 3 * Geologic time-line (eras amp; major developments in each) * Precambrian Era: the earth is formed; Canadian shield is formed; bacteria amp; algae – only life forms * Paleozoic Era: the continents straddle the equator; first insects appear; Pangaea is formed * Mesozoic Era: Dinosaurs rule the earth; first bird amp; mammals appear * Cenozoic Era: Dinosaurs go extinct; first Hominids appear; first humans reach North America * Continental Drift amp; Plate Tectonics * Continental drift (Alfred Wegener): 300 million years ago, all of the earth’s land masses, which were in constant motion, collided to form one supercontinent: Pangaea; could not explain how continents moved * Evidence: shape of the continents; Fossil Evidence; Rock Evidence; Glacial Deposits; Location of Coal Deposits * Plate tectonics (Canadian J. Tuzo. Wilson): the earth’s crust is divided into 12 major plates which moved in various directions by the underlaying hot mantle convection cells (mid-atlantic ridge) * Types of precipitations – Relief/Orographic precipitation; Cyclonic/Frontal precipitation; Convectional precipitation * Relief/Orographic precipitation: only in mountainous regions * Moist air rise up the windward slope amp; condenses as it rises amp; cools * Cool air descends on the leeward slope, warms up, drier climate because the clouds evaporate * Cyclonic/Frontal precipitation: only in places with hot summers +20 °C (continental areas) * The sun heats up the ground, warm air rises; condensing amp; forming clouds amp; precipitation. * As the storm persists, the air cools amp; drags down, bringing the storm to an end. * Convectional precipitation: happens in most places * Air masses of different pressure amp; temperatures don’t mix. * The warmer air will rise above the colder, dense one, creating precipitation. Gradual upward movement=mild precipitation; Sharp upward movement=thunderstorm, hail * Landforms: the natural features on the surface of the Earth (Canadian Shield, lowlands, highlands) What are they? | Development of landforms| How do they or will they contribute to Canada| Canadian Shield (largest amp; oldest landform region)PRECAMBRIAN| * Pressure inside Earth folded amp; crumpled the Metamorphic rock * Minerals in shield rock cooled amp; separated into layers according to their density * Intense heat amp; pressure changed the rocks * Erosion worn down mountains = flat * Ice age eroded amp; created lakes, depressions amp; valleys| * Not much farming thin layer of soil; little fertile land * Vast deposits of lead, gold, nickel, copper, zinc, etc. Mining communities drawn here; communities rely on the mining industry for jobs * Rich diamond deposits; Water for hydroelectric energy * Recreation, tourism, â€Å"get back to nature†, canoe| Appalachian Mountains (oldest highland region)PALEOZOIC| * End Paleozoic Era, North America collided with europe amp; northern Africa during the formation of Pangaea * Raised amp; folded layers of sedimentary, Igneous/metamorphic created from volcanoes amp; earthquake s * Erosion reduced jagged peaks to rounded hills amp; mountains * Glaciers smoothed peaks amp; separated hills with wide glacial valleys | * Sedimentary rich in non-metallic materials, i. e. coal * Igneous/Metamorphic rich in metallic minerals, i. e. iron amp; zinc created by volcanic activity amp; faulting * Long bays created from ice age, for deep harbours for ocean freighters amp; became site of major cities * Settlement along fertile river valleys amp; along seacoast| Innuitian Mountains (most northern region)MESOZOIC| * Formed in Mesozoic era; North American plate moved northward. Continental-continental convergence * Contain some igneous amp; metamorphic, but mainly sedimentary * Younger than Appalachians, not worn down as much| * Barren; trees can’t survive extremely cold winter temperatures; can’t grow during short summer * Covered by ice amp; permanent snow * Minerals not exploited because if remote location| Western CordilleraLATE MESOZOICEARLYCENOZOICCoast mountainsInterior plateausEastern Mountains| * Range after range of mountains separated by plateaus amp; valleys * Pacific plate amp; North American plate collided * Uplifting region into several mountain regions * Convergent; pacific plate subducted under North American causing folding, faulting, amp; volcanic activity * Great height + rugged appearance = geologically young| * North-south mountains amp; valleys = obstacle for transportation since main routes are west=south * Farming amp; mining towns in river valleys * Tourism(beautiful scenery); winter sports * Fishing(salmon); gold rush; energy resources * Copper, forestry, rocks, coal, fossil fuels| Interior PlainsPALEOZOIC + MESOZOICAlberta PlainsSaskatchewan PlainsManitoba Plains| * 545 million years ago; during formation, covered by inland seas, sediments deposited amp; compressed into sedimentary * Thick layers of mineral deposits left in dried-out sea beds * Composed of rolling hills amp; deep, wide river valleys * Differential erosion separated by escarpment * Glaciations created large lakes covered by sediments = flat| * Reafs from inland seas form oil amp; gas found today * Potash mined amp; used as fertilizer * Swamps at edge of ancient seas changed into coal * Soil developed on sediments of lake bottom deep fertile, good for growing grai ns amp; oil seeds * Agricultural amp; beef products | Great Lakes / St. Lawrence Lowlands(most southerly region)PALEOZOIC| * During Paleozoic era, glacier retreated which left 5 great lakes * Bedrock formed from sedimentary rock; several escarpments * Glaciations created rolling landscape, carried huge amounts of soil, sand amp; gravel from Canadian shield, dumped throughout region * Flat plains, glacial hills, amp; deep river valleys * Rift valley formed by faulting; flooded during end of ice age| * Good for agriculture; excellent soils amp; warm climate * Flat lands; ideal for transportation routes amp; development of cities (50% of canadians live in small) * 70% of country’s manufacturing industries * Maple syrup, forestry, mining, fishery, water supply, * Sheep, poultry, dairy, logging – lumber, paper| Hudson Bay Arctic LowlandsPALEOZOIC + PRECAMBRIAN + MESOZOIC PALEOZOIC + CENOZOIC| * Layers of sedimentary rock rest on top of ancient rock of Shield * Waters of Hudson Bay covered lowland amp; deposited sand, silt, amp; clay that became layer of sedimentary rock * A series of islands located in far north, gently rolling landscape * Bodies of water continues to deposit deep basins of sedimentary along east amp; west coasts (Paleozoic era) * Receding glaciers left sedimentary rock (Cenozoic)| * HB- mining, march, wetlands, plains * AL-Not good for farming, harsh climate * Rich in furs due to abundance of wildlife * Water resources provide hydro power for Ontario * Contain lignite, coal, oil, amp; natural deposits * Game, fishing| * Climate: weather conditions of a place averaged over a long period of time * Factors affecting Climate (LOWERN) * Latitude: Significant differences in average annual temperatures; distance from the equator a key factor. * The same amount of energy from the sun that hits Earth is spread over a large areas at northerly ocation because of th earth’s curve; the same amount of energy is more concentrated at the equator * Most southerly pointPelee Island; Most northerly pointAlert * Ocean Currents: The temperature of an ocean current affects the temperature of the air passing over it. * Warm– warm air – the mild climate of B. C. ; Cold– cold air – Labrador amp; nor thern Newfoundland * Where air above two currents meet, conditions are often damp amp; foggy. * Winds amp; Air Masses * Air Masses: large volume of air with the climate conditions of the area where it is formed. * Over ocean moist; as air masses pass over land=in precipitation; over continental area will generally be dry. * Winds amp; Pressure Systems * Air moves from areas of high pressure to areas of low pressure, this causes wind. Prevailing Winds: around the earth, there are pressure belts which cause wind patterns. * Westerlies: over Canada, the winds tends to move from the west to east . * Polar Front: the boundary between the cold, dry, polar air amp; warm, wet, tropical air. * Jet Stream: high in the atmosphere above the polar front is a current of fast-moving air. * In winter=moves southward, cold arctic air into the U. S. * In summer=moves northward, warm air from the Gulf of Mexico to flow farther northward into Canada’s interior. * Cold air masses amp; warm air masses that meet at the polar front often create storms. * Elevation: height of land above sea level Air mass moves up a mountain= expands since there is less pressure; as it expands=loses heat amp; becomes cooler. * Relief: the affect that mountain ranges act as barriers to climate systems * Result in greatly differing temperatures in different cities that are close to each other but separated by mountains. * Windward side of rocky mountains=more precipitation; leeward side of rocky mountains= precipitation. * Nearness to body of water: Bodies of water have a moderating effect on land temperatures. * Oceans amp; large lakes heat up amp; cool down more slowly than land masses. * Results in cooler summers amp; warmer winters. * Maritime vs. Continental climate * Maritime| * Continental| Total annual precipitation of over 1000 mm| * Total annual precipitation of less than 1000 mm| * A temperature range of less than 25C °| * A temperature range of more than 25C °| * Winter: Season of Maximum Precipitation| * Summer: Season of Maximum Precipitation| * Soil make-up (MOMA) * Minerals; Organic material amp; bacteria; Moisture; Air * Vegetation * Tree line: boundary between the Tundra amp; the Boreal Forest zone; North of this line, it is too cold for trees to grow. * Permafrost: permanently frozen ground that does not completely thaw in the summer. * Active layer: upper layer of permafrost that thaws only briefly in summertime Unit 4 Demography: study of human population dynamics, population numbers, distribution, trends, amp; issues that looks at how populations change over time due to births, deaths, migration amp; ageing. * Push/pull factors – what are they? Be able to identify them * Push factors: factors that causes people to emigrate from their country (i. e. war, absence of human rights, poor economic/educational opportunities, religious persecution, terrorism, amp; natural disasters) * Pull factors: factors that draws immigrants to a country (i. e. job opportunities, freedom of speech amp; religion, lower taxes, better education amp; health care, better climate, join friends/relatives living in another country ) * Immigration – benefits amp; drawbacks Benefits| Drawbacks| Declining fertility amp; population=severe labour shortages; * Fiscal burden of aging population; scarce staff-nursing homes amp; retirement facilities * Replace baby boomers jobs; fill jobs Canadians don’t want; temporary jobs during harvest time * High-skilled-innovate higher rate than canadians; low-skilled- meet crucial service sector gaps * More global prosperity than foreign aid/international trade; revolutionize Canada’s foreign aid policy| * Short term expediency; political gain * Stress on schools to take in new students * Little cultural communities formed * Lack of culture belonging * Competition for jobs of Canadians| * Types of immigrants (3 types) * Economic Immigrants Skilled Worker/ Professional: 67 points (government adjust; make sure immigrants meet Canada’s economic needs) * Business Immigrant: 37 points (show willingness/ability-make significant financial contributions to economy) * Family Immigrants (Allows Canadian residents to reunite with family members) * Every family immigrant must be sponsored by relative in Canada (provide housing amp; other needs for 3-10 years, if immigrant runs into financial difficulty, they need to help them) * Refugee (Apply for refugee status while in Canada as visitors/living in home country) * Fears cruel or inhumane treatment in their home country ( persecution-race, religion, nationality, political opinion) * Special category includes victims of natural disasters (storms, earthquakes), amp; human disasters (war, famine) * Points system – what are points given for? Who does it apply to? Education: High School, University/college (diploma, bachelor, doctorate, master’s degree)_______________Economic * Language ability: English/French (high/moderate/basic/no

The Traditional Tok Diagram Essay Example for Free

The Traditional Tok Diagram Essay The traditional TOK diagram indicates four ways of knowing. Propose the inclusion of a fifth way of knowing selected from intuition, memory or imagination, and explore the knowledge issues it may raise in two areas of knowledge. Our whole life is a continuous process of gaining information. This information is our basic knowledge about the world. It is coming in different forms, from different sources. And it is vitally important to store this information, in order to understand your own present. That is why I think people have a memory. My personal interpretation of memory is similar to a log-book. My experience is the notes I am writing in my life journey. Like memories, many of notes will eventually vanish, other will stay forever. But, is it possible for memory to function as a way of knowing (WOK)? Can I use my memory to gain knowledge about something? In TOK, I used to think that we cannot gain knowledge through memory, as it depended on WOKs as a source of knowledge. Memory is interpreted as storage for the gained knowledge and experience. However, is possible for WOKs themselves be depended on memory? My life, views and tastes are result of my past experience. So, it can be said that our reasoning is coming from analysis of previous experience and memory. In this essay, I will exploit reliability of memory as way of knowing and issues it may rise in areas of knowledge (AOK). We are living in building up our memory. It changes and vanishes like paintings. My first issues about memory were consisted in area of art. I thought how I our knowledge of the past influencing view on art? In the past, Shakespeare wasn’t famous in England. Only after decades his name became known to whole England, and now, he is standing among the greatest writers of all time. Same thing with me, I remember how I read Shakespeare poem once and I didn’t know who he was. It meant I didn’t have knowledge about him, so when I read it I didn’t like it that much. I thought it was too simple. However, when I studied about his past, his works and poems in school, my opinion about him changed. I updated my memory, thus knowledge about him and it changed my perspectives about his writing. Now when I see one of his poems, I automatically make a reason about this poem as a good piece of work before actually reading poem itself. So, can it be considered that memory is central WOK in art? What kind of connection between WOKs and memory? For example perception, e.g. seeing by itself is nothing than just lighting is interacting with eye. Use of memory helps to verify these â€Å"pictures† and classify them. Thus, our experience of the past helping us to understand the present. But, can we use memory as source of knowledge? For example, sculpture or drawing in art. Painter should have some information about an object that he wants to draw, as for making sculpture you need to memorize body forms. From all WOKs, reason is mostly depended on memory, as we can’t make decisions without using our past memory. Here is another issue arising. How somebody can propose knowledge claims without using a memory? Can I make a logically correct reason without using previous information that already stored in my head? This is a tricky part about memory being a WOK. It is assumed that memory is depended on other WOKs and knowledge stored in memory gained by traditional WOKs, e.g. perception. However, use of these four WOKs imply help of memory, we always use our previous experience in understanding present. Memory is connecting new knowledge to information from our past experience, so items are stored in relation to each other and their meaning coming from the knowledge which they are associated with. This is why for instance thinking about ocean, fish, danger and blood automatically pops shark into my conscious mind. Better example for that claim will be Gestalt Theory. It is based on pictures of different shapes which are forming different elements or things. Whole process is depended on point of your personal view, mainly memory that will trigger from seeing those forms. Famous example of this theory will picture of young lady and old woman. Both of images are correct, but knowledge we get from these shapes are different. It shows significance of using of memory. We see different relations to our memory, thus different pictures. Brain is not interested in storing exact copies, it interested in storing information and it distils and organizes this information for future use. We continually update information in circles. But, sometimes it creates bags in our brain. Example for that will be testimony; there is a lot of evidence of false decisions in courts. Memory influenced by our eyewitness and WOKs is giving us incorrect information. By now, I assumed memory as a depended element of gaining knowledge. But, can role of memory be considered as independent source of knowledge, while other WOKs are depending on it? Consider this knowledge claim. Good example for that can be shown in Human science area. Specifically in performance of football player on TV program called â€Å"Tested to the limit†. This player was tested in four categories: body strength, mental ability, technique and skill. In mental ability category, the coach was asked to give a corner kick to the player. However, as soon as the coach’s foot touched the ball, the lights went out. Player had to stroke in darkness. So, in TOK terms it meant that football player should use only his experience in order to make a reason of the ball flight and succeed. His basic sources of knowledge like perception and language were eliminated. Thus, his memory played a key factor. However, I questioned myself â€Å"How football player can use his memory to reason without any precondition for using his past experience?† Memory wasn’t his initial source of knowledge. In the beginning, perception was used e.g. he saw how ball was kicked. Reading the body language and subconscious analyze of the ball flight is a result of memory which was triggered by perception. It shows how closely WOKs are interacting with memory. Although, it wasn’t initial knowledge, memory took role of basic source of knowledge. Reason was fully depended on memory experience, and produced as result of memory process. Football player succeeded, his subconscious ability has come from thousands of practice hours which filled his mind with so many permutations of game to tap in to. It is a same as you studying another subject, like learning a new language. You are basically building up experience, learning basic rules of grammar and vocabulary. Thus as you become more fluent in a language, you don’t think about it as much. Same with football player, his vast experience gives him inability to intuitively read the game. I could say memory and experience his main weapons in football. To conclude my essay, it is important to evaluate position of memory in theory of knowledge. As I said before, memory is very tricky concept, it is hard to tell, are the WOKs depended on memory or reverse. In my opinion memory is not a WOK. However it is already included in each of traditional WOKs, as it is playing role of connecting bridge between them. Memory is overlaid on top of each other. So, things you learnt make past information you remembered look little bit different. Our memory explains knowledge we gain and relates it to our experience. Role of memory is vital, but its power stored in its ability to be storage of our knowledge and experience, because these elements are base of our life.

Literature Review Of Production Planning And Controlling Accounting Essay

Literature Review Of Production Planning And Controlling Accounting Essay Last year couple of authors tried their best to attempt to identify production planning and control (PPC) top authors. Fernandes, et al. published an article whose main goal is to classify the top PPC authors by means of a survey on PPC researchers. They identified top 10 authors, their influence and impact in PPC. The main contributions of Fernandes et al. (July 2009, pp. 461-478(18)) Identified (among a great number of books regarding PPC) the books that has more influence on the PPC area, Guided the study of PPC by means of presenting the main books and authors of PPC, Showed the most valuable work of the PPC top authors, initiating a process of determining who the PPC gurus are. Gonzalez, et al. (July 2008, pp. 461-474) investigated the relationship between planning reliability and project performance and found out that variability is a well-known problem in construction projects which leads to the general deterioration of project performance. In this paper, the authors report on a detailed research analyzing this relationship during the construction phase of a home building project at activity and project levels. By doing so, two indexes proposed An activity planning reliability index called the process reliability index (PRI) A project aggregate labor productivity index, called the project productivity index (PPI). Statistical analyses using the proposed indexes conducted showing positive and strong relationships between planning reliability and performance at activity and project levels. The research findings provide the guidelines of a preliminary methodology to forecast the impacts of planning reliability over project performance when lean production methodologies are applied in project planning and control. Orsoni et al. (July 2007, pp. 19-31) Tried to explain remote scheduling of production activities they said remote scheduling is a fast growing area of research in the wider area of Production Planning and Control (PPC). Many solutions reported in the literature and many scheduling tools are currently available, however, the criteria for their evaluation and comparison remain loosely defined. This paper proposes an overview of existing solutions highlighting their advantages and limitations, to support academics and industrial users in their choices of scheduling techniques and Inter Process Communication (IPC) solutions for the remote and online scheduling of production. This paper also proposes design guidelines and performance measures against which production managers can evaluate and improve their solutions. Lima, R. M. et al. (October 2006, pp. 3693-3709) did some work on distributed production planning and control agent-based system and said remote scheduling is a fast growing area of research in the wider area of Production Planning and Control (PPC). Many solutions reported in the literature and many scheduling tools are currently available, however, the criteria for their evaluation and comparison remain loosely defined. This paper proposes an overview of existing solutions, highlighting their advantages and limitations, to support academics and industrial users in their choices of scheduling techniques and Inter Process Communication (IPC) solutions for the remote and online scheduling of production. Stevenson, Mark (Feb2006, pp. 767-790) conducted research on Refining a Workload Control (WLC) concept to improve the applicability of the approach to the shop characteristics found in practice. This is a two-stage process leading to significant conceptual refinements to a key WLC methodology. The first stage focuses on the development of a Decision Support System (DSS) based on a WLC concept designed for Make-To-Order (MTO) companies. Refinements made include changes to the backwards scheduling procedure and the way in which jobs are released onto the shop floor. The second stage focuses on the process of implementation. Using a case study of a MTO company, the paper describes the strategy taken to overcome a number of prerequisites to the successful implementation of a Production Planning and Control (PPC) concept. Issues addressed include grouping machines and determining capacities. This case study adds to the available literature by looking specifically at implementing WLC from the customer enquiry stage, while the case study experience also provides further refinements to the WLC concept. Manufacturing companies often complain about the difficulties they face in meeting their customers logistic requirements. Many blame the perceived inadequacies of their production planning and control (PPC) software for their performance deficits. PPC software is just one of six configuration aspects of the entire PPC system. The authors argue that the configuration of the PPC aspects objectives, processes, objects, functions, responsibilities and tools has carried out methodically and consistently in order for the PPC system to function properly. The analysis of examples of so-called `stumbling blocks of PPC, inadequate configurations of one or several of the aspects supports this claim. There investigation closes with the proposal of a checklist that the authors suggest as a first approach to ensure the consistent configuration of PPC systems. (Wiendahl et al. Oct 2005). Investigated Stumbling blocks of PPC they found out M. Stevenson et al. (March 2005, pp. 869-898) presented a review of production planning and control. The paper reviews classic approaches to Production Planning and Control (PPC) such as Kanban, Manufacturing Resource Planning (MRP II) and Theory of Constrains (TOC) and elaborates upon the emergence of techniques such as Workload Control (WLC), Constant Work In Process (CONWIP), Paired cell Overlapping Loops of Cards with Authorization (POLCA) and web- or e-based Supply Chain Management (SCM) solutions. A critical assessment of the approaches from the point of view of various sectors of the Make-To-Order (MTO) Industry presented. The paper considers factors such as the importance of the customer enquiry stage company size degree of customization and shop floor configuration and shows them to play a large role in the applicability of planning and control concepts. The paper heightens the awareness of researchers and practitioners to the PPC options, aids managerial system selection de cision-making, and highlights the importance of a clear implementation strategy. WLC emerges as the most effective Job Shop solution; whilst for other configurations there are several alternatives depending on individual company characteristics and objectives. The paper outlines key areas for future research, including the need for empirical research into the use of Workload Control in small and medium sized MTO companies. Zà ¼lch G.,  Fischer J. (March 2003, pp. 146-154) enumerated that during the realization of the CAESAR planning games, which has been supported by the European Leonardo da Vinci Programmed the use of modular planning games within a global scenario has shown to be very effective in concisely relaying educational content from the area of production management. In particular the close-to-reality situations have proven time and again to be highly motivating for seminar participants. In order to improve the transferability of acquired knowledge into practice the IFAB-Institute of Human and Industrial Engineering of the University of Karlsruhe has further developed the INSIGHTS-PPC planning game for production planning and control in such a way that the planning tasks to be tackled are set in direct relation to market similar repercussions. This realized in a new market share model. The market share model explained, paying particular attention to the practical consequences, which come a long with the implementation of such a model. Despite the potential of the developed market share model and the positive feedback from seminar participants there is a risk of the participants being diverted from the intended educational content, that of production logistic fundamentals and techniques, and of them perceiving the focus of the seminar as a relaying of market mechanisms. Starbek M.   Grum J. (December 2000, pp. 443-450) found out there is much computer-aided production planning and control (PPC) systems available on the market which can provide a solution to the complex task of production planning and control. However, the question remains, how can a company find an optimal system from the vast amount of available systems? Olhager J.   Wikner J. (April 2000, pp. 210-222) worked on Production planning and control tools, There are numerous tools available to be used for production planning and control purposes. The number of tools is ever increasing, and so are the levels of sophistication as well as complexity. For the specific manufacturing firm, the task of selecting the most appropriate set of tools is not trivial. However, in recent years, the understanding of the relationship between tools and manufacturing environments for which they are suitable has increased. The purpose of this paper is to provide an overview of production planning and control tools available today, as well as new trends, issues and ideas. Wiendahl et al. (December 1999, pp. 718-726) touched a general approach to disassembly planning and control and their findings are closing product and material cycles have emerged as a paradigm for industry in the 21st century, and are directed towards an economical and responsible use of our limited resources. Disassembly plays a key role in recycling. It enables the recovery of functioning components for re-use of pure materials for re-utilization and the separation of harmful substances. Major challenges presented by the enormous variety of products disassembled, by uncertainty as to quantity and by their unknown properties. An appropriate planning and control of disassembly processes is essential for an economic disassembly. Based on an investigation of the suitability of common production planning and control (PPC) methods for disassembly, a specific disassembly planning and control concept (DPC) outlined. Moscoso P. G et al. (November 1999, pp. 1492-1506) Investigated on modeling framework for complementary design of production planning and control systems and said In a business era characterized by a dazzling rate of change, the improvement of production planning and control begins to be a main objective for manufacturing industries. This paper postulates four main statements to be considered for the design of production plans and control systems (PPC-systems) comprising human and technical sub-systems. The first is that production models required for the design of PPC-systems (i.e. design models) cannot be identical to production models required for planning and control of production systems (i.e. regulatory models). The design of PPC-systems must primarily focus on the quality of interaction between the regulatory models. This insight supports the second statement, which postulates that the design of PPC-systems requires a complementary design approach. Complementary design means t o take explicitly into account that human and technical sub-systems- based on the differences in strengths and weaknesses of both- can achieve through their interaction a new quality, possible neither to human nor technical sub-systems alone. The third statement is that a complementary design of PPC-systems will only be possible if a fundamental change of mind from a static to a dynamic as well as from a technical to a socio-technical perception (i.e. a complete perception) of production systems takes place. Without a complete perception of production systems, designed PPC-systems will not be sufficiently reliable, maintainable and flexible, will be difficult to comprehend, and their elements will not be re-usable for further applications. The fourth statement is that the integral support of the design process requires a dual modeling framework comprising a meta- and an object-model. Considering these fundamental insights that were confirmed by a practical case study, a dual modelin g framework for the design of PPC-systems which incorporates criteria for complementary design is outlined. Tatsiopoulos I. P.   Mekras N.D. (July 1999, pp. 414-425) tried to find out an expert system for the selection of production planning and control software packages and presents a rule-based expert system that can be used for the selection of a suitable production planning and control (PPC) software package to be applied in a manufacturing firm. A production systems typology and a compact PPC software reference model are included in the knowledge base, which created. The inferences made based on rules that relate a semantic network of PPC software features with a semantic network of production systems attributes. The results given by the expert system include the module architecture and the set of features of the PPC software package, which are applicable in a certain manufacturing setting. Wiendahl H-P.   Breithaupt J-W. (June 1999 pp. 389-401) Worked on modeling and controlling the dynamics of production systems and infrared that nowadays, in a fast-changing production environment, companies have to adapt their production structures rapidly. Therefore new methods for production planning and control (PPC) are required that consider these dynamic changes. Todays PPC systems mainly based on static models now a dynamic production model has been developed applying methods of control theory. Using the funnel model and the theory of the logistic operating curve, a continuous model of a single production system developed. For the control task, backlogs as well as a work-in-process (wip) controller developed. The controllers interact to adjust the capacity and input rate of the work system to eliminate the backlog as soon as possible and to set the wip to a defined level. Simulation experiments confirm that this concept ensures the synchronization of capacity and work. In an ongoing research project, an extended model for several work systems connected via the material flow designed, which based on the elementary one. A suggestion to integrate the strategy into PPC on the planning level already been generated. The objective of this approach is to develop the present open-loop control realized in PPC into a closed-loop control with defined control and reference variables. Gaalman G.J.C.   Suresh N.C. (February 1999, pp. 5-17) Conducted research work towards an Integration of Process Planning and Production Planning and Control for Flexible Manufacturing Systems and this introduction article attempts to present some major issues relating to the integration of process planning and production planning and control (PPC) for flexible manufacturing systems (FMSs). It shows the performance of an FMS significantly improved and FMS capabilities more effectively utilized by integrating process planning and PPC functions. The various types of flexibility to be planned and provided for in process planning and manufacturing are summarized in the article, as well as emerging conceptual frameworks for integration, along with their implementation requirements and problems. Distinctive elements that differentiate these frameworks, such as the extent of integration of process planning and PPC activities, number of alternative process plans, and the time at which nume rical control programs are generated, are discussed, followed by a brief summary of the articles compiled for this special. Luczak H. Et al. (July 1998, pp. 448-456) Analyzed PPC-systems, re-engineering or replacement and concluded the growing number of production enterprises that use software systems to support the production planning and control (PPC-systems) and the limited life-time of these systems imply that many enterprises have to decide whether or not an existing PPC-system is worthwhile reengineering. The factors that have an impact on this decision are non-quantifiable. Porter, J.K. et al. (1996) discussed Production planning and control system developments in Germany and briefly explained the impact of MRP on UK manufacturing industry in the context of the next generation of developments. Draws a contrast with production planning and control systems in Germany, which derive shop floor control through different architecture of business control systems. Presents the state of these developments in Germany as analyzed by a leading academic institution (the FIR at Aachen University of Technology). Compares this with UK developments, as seen by the Liverpool short-term scheduling group, which recently has analyzed production planning/ scheduling practice in a range of different companies across various industry types. In early 1990s computer aided process planning with relation to production planning and control brought into practice, which provided integration between both of them. Hermann Kà ¼hnle et al. (1994, pp. 21-27) Introduces concepts for the integration of Computer-Aided Process Planning (CAPP) and Production Planning and Control (PPC). Characterizes the current situation regarding integration by a one-way communication from CAPP to PPC, since a revised link not envisaged. Introduces a new approach to full integration by the extension of functions within both systems components as well as integration of both data and information technology.

The Scarlet Letter - Impact of Sin on Dimmmesdale, Chillingworth and He

The Scarlet Letter - Impact of Sin on Dimmmesdale, Chillingworth and Hester   Ã‚   Charles Haddon Spurgeon, a seventeenth century Baptist preacher, commented that, "Trials teach us what we are; they dig up the soil, and let us see what we are made of." An individual either faces their actions or runs from them, and Gothic Romance authors often write about the evil that emerges in people when they conceal their sins. Throughout the novel The Scarlet Letter, Nathaniel Hawthorne demonstrates this idea through the actions of his three main characters, Hester Prynne, Arthur Dimmesdale and Roger Chillingworth. In spite of the nearly equal severity of their sins, Dimmesdale, Chillingworth and Hester react to their dilemmas in varying ways such as guilt, revenge and reconciliation.    Although he portrays the pious pastor, Arthur Dimmesdale handles his sin, adultery, by hiding this fault from everyone and in turn destroys himself with his guilt. Beginning in chapter three, the townspeople constantly see Dimmesdale with his hand over his heart. He does not posses the courage to show his shame openly, so he decides to punish himself through physical pain and nightly vigils. This torture becomes evident in chapter ten when Chillingworth removes Dimmesdale's garments and rejoices at the image of a scarlet letter, along with other markings, upon the preacher's chest. His strong sense of guilt also becomes apparent when he takes a midnight walk to the scaffold, where Hester and Pearl join him. At this point, Dimmesdale still cannot truly endure the shame in front of the real crowd. Ironically, the more guilt he feels the more compelling his sermons become. He attempts many times to indirectly tell his congregation... ... differently towards sin and Hester proves reconciliation as the best response to wrongdoings. Through Hester, Hawthorne successfully conveys his theme that concealing a person's faults draws forth more evil than imaginable, but bearing the consequences leads to salvation. Indeed, life's difficult trials bring out the true essence of a person, and one must exhibit inner strength while facing their shame in order to survive these trials.    Works Cited and Consulted:    Brown, Bryan D. "Reexamining Nathaniel Hawthorne's The Scarlet Letter. http://www.usinternet.com/users/bdbournellonie.htm. July 1, 2003.    Hawthorne, Nathaniel. The Scarlet Letter. New York: Penguin Books USA Inc., 1996.    Smiles, Samuel. "The Scarlet Letter." The Power of Sin. Ed. Martin Tucker. New York City: Frederick Ungar Publishing Company, 1962. 266.   

Why Kissinger Helped Pinochet :: Foreign Policy Chile Governmental Essays

Why Kissinger Helped Pinochet The United States â€Å"hands have not always been clean† (Landau 1999, page 16). It seems that as time passes more and more of past United States foreign policy actions are discovered to have been a cause of corruption rather than security. Recently numbers of declassified documents show the fraud of Secretary of State Henry Kissinger. It is apparent that Kissinger directly assisted General Augusto Pinochet into power in Chile and despite his knowledge of Pinochet’s human rights violations he deliberately ensured his stay in power (Landau 1999; page 16). Currently the legal action being taken against Henry Kissinger must be taken seriously to show current United States officials, the cruelty of our nations past and how we are guilty of initiating and helping a brutal dictatorship for sixteen years. One must wonder; what was Kissinger’s motive? Being pushed by â€Å"his boss† President Nixon to prevent communism in Chile at all costs is apparent, as is his friendly relationship with Pinochet that he developed. â€Å"I want to see our relations and friendship improve,† Kissinger states in a memoir to Pinochet during his trip to Chile that was intended to speak about human rights concerns (Kornbluh 1999; page 5). But what was truly the underlining motivation that caused Kissinger to risk his job and reputation to keep Pinochet in power? Could it simply be a lack of sympathy? Or was Kissinger just overly fanatical about stopping the spread of Communism? In lieu of the unclassified documents it is apparent that Kissinger had formed a liking to Augusto Pinochet. Recent memorandums show that Kissinger told Pinochet that he was a casualty of â€Å"Communist propaganda† and reinforced Pinochet, while hundreds of Chilean citizens were being jailed without cause, that the United States would not punish him for human rights violations. In September 1976 Kissinger sent out a warning to some South American nations about the rumor of an â€Å"Operation Condor† but intentionally excluded warning Chile in fear of how Pinochet would react (Duke 2005, page D01). Reveled in the transcripts are â€Å"Kissinger’s expression of ‘friendship,’ ‘sympathetic’ understanding and wishes for success to Pinochet at the height of his repression†¦Ã¢â‚¬  After receiving an overwhelming amount of pressure from congress to deal with Chile’s human rights issues Kissinger â€Å"gave a speech at an OAS c onference in Santiago.† However,